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Complaint against Washington Governor Bob Ferguson for violating Federal Election Laws

 

To: Maureen Riordan, Voting Section Acting Chief
US Department of Justice - Voting Rights Division
950 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington DC 20530

RE: Complaint against Washington Governor Bob Ferguson for violating Federal Election Laws

Sent PDF via email to: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Dear Ms Riordan,

The Washington Parents Network is a group of several thousand registered active voters in Washington state. We are concerned about our votes being diluted by hundreds of thousands of non-citizens being registered to vote in Washington state in violation of federal election laws. In this complaint, we provide evidence from the federal Election Assistance Commission 2024 report that Washington state likely has the least accurate voter rolls in the nation.

We believe this problem stems in part from the Washington legislature passing House Bill 2595 in 2018 allowing for Automatic Voter Registration (AVR) when a person obtains a Washington Drivers License at the Washington Department of Licensing (DOL).

While this law was intended to automatically register only US citizens, there is abundant evidence that this AVR law has been used to register hundreds of thousands of non-citizens in our state. For example, Section 202 (3) (e) of this Washington law provides: Verification of citizenship information, via social security administration data match or manually verified by the agency during the client transaction.”

However, a recent study of Washington voters in 29 out of our 39 counties in Washington state concluded that more than 700,000 Washington voters have Washington Drivers Licenses but no Social Security number. More than 25,000 voters did not have either a Drivers License or a Social Security number. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGU5sU9bfxg

Here is a quote from Glen Morgan who reported this study:

Based on a review of 29 (out of 39) counties and nearly a million registered active voters, it appears that 14% or more of Washington State's voter rolls are not compliant with Federal law. This would be about 709,000+ voters, and it could be far worse. Missing social security numbers means the Secretary of State's claim that they use the Social Security Administration data to "verify" voter data is false and deceptive. Missing BOTH SS numbers AND Driver's License info (25,000+/- voters) means there is zero verification they exist at all. Finally, this doesn't include the massive number of social security numbers that have been handed out like candy at a parade to non-US citizens so they could obtain Apple Health and SNAP benefits on the taxpayer dime. “

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Foreign Exchange Students registered to vote when getting a Drivers License
I, David Spring, personally host students from Japan who wish to learn English and take courses at a local College. They entered our state legally with student visas. However, because they want to drive while in our state, they went to the Washington DOL to obtain a Washington Drivers License. Several of these students have been illegally registered to vote by the Washington DOL Automatic Voter Registration program - even though they clearly are not US citizens, they do not speak English very well and they did not sign a statement swearing to be a US citizen as required by federal election laws.

Statistical Analysis also confirms Washington state has a growing problem with non-citizen voters
The Washington Secretary of State posts voter transactions that include not only monthly reports but also annual reports going all the way back to 2007. You can view these tables at this link:

https://www.sos.wa.gov/elections/data-research/reports-data-and-statistics/monthly-voter-registration-transactions

I used statistical analysis analysis of this data to estimate that the size of the non-citizen voter problem was between 500,000 to 1 million non-citizen voters that could not be accounted for by the normal population growth here in Washington state. Here is this analysis using the Secretary of State Voter Transactions table displayed at the above link and shown in the table below:

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You can see from the highlighted line above that the year 2020 was extremely unusual. Motor Vehicle and Online Transactions that year combined for 1 million transactions. Click on the plus sign to show the monthly transactions and you will see that most of these transactions occurred in September and October of 2020. Compare this total to 2024 when they combined for 900,000 – 100,000 less than 2020 despite a growth in population.

Also look at 2008. When combining the two columns on the right, there was only 245,000 transactions. In 2012, there was a 50% jump to 400,000 transactions (despite a population increase of about 5%). And in 2016, there was an unexpected jump to 760,000 – nearly a 100% increase despite a 5% population gain. Then in 2020, there was a 1 million increase for a 30% jump - despite only a 5% population gain. Here is a graph of Registration Transactions by Month over a period of years:

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In short, there were about 300,000 more registration transactions in July through October 2020 compared to prior years. This was despite the fact that there was no change in the rate of population increase from 2008 to 2020. This change is well outside of what can be explained by normal or random statistical variation for such a large sample size.

Here is a graph of total Registration Transactions from 2008 to 2024:

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Note that these transactions include more than merely new registrations. Still, this distribution is also well outside of what can be explained by normal or random statistical variation for such a large sample size.

Huge increase in Voter Registrations after passage of the Washington State Automatic Voter Registration law
Here is a table of the increase in registered voters during the past 7 Presidential elections in Washington state:

Year

Registered Voters

Increase over previous Presidential election # (%)

2000

3335714

257506 (8.4%)

2004

3508208

172494 (5.2%)

2008

3630118

121910 (3.5%)

2012

3904959

274841 (7.6%)

2016

4270270

365311 (9.4%)

2020

4892871

622601 (14.6%)

2024

5017620

124749 (2.5%)

Source: https://www.sos.wa.gov/elections/data-research/voter-participation-statistics
Here is a graph of changes in the number of Registered voters going back to 2000:

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The average change in population between Presidential elections was about 5 percent.

This was also the average rate of voter registration increases. The 2016 increase was at the outside edge of what can be explained by random statistical variation for such a large sample size. The 2020 increase is way outside the range of what could be explained by normal or random statistical variation for such a large sample size

It does not take a statistical expert to see that none of these graphs are statistically possible – and it got much worse peaking with the 2020 election. We do not need to look far for an explanation. Here is the note just below the Table on the Secretary of State website:

Prior to 2008, Motor Vehicle registrations involved the Department of Licensing providing a form that customers could return if interested in registering to vote. In early 2008, DOL began electronically transmitting customer information to the Secretary of State, requiring no effort on the part of customers that wished to opt in. In July of 2019, Automatic Voter Registration (AVR) was implemented and individuals applying for or renewing an Enhanced Washington Driver’s License or Identification card are automatically registered to vote or have their registration information updated unless they opt out.

Federal law requires that voters affirmatively swear that they are US citizens in order to register to vote. Automatically registering everyone who applies for a license without this affirmative statement is a violation of federal law.

Other examples of highly unusual Washington Voter Registration data

In Washington, an additional one million total ballots were counted in the 2020 Presidential Election (4 million ballots versus 3 million ballots) – an increase of 33% - despite a population increase of only 5% since 2016. Mail In Ballots increased by 33% as Washington is an All Mail In Ballot state – over six times the rate of population growth. Keep in mind that even the 15% increase in Registered voters was outside the range of values. The maximum that can be explained by normal variation is 10% and the expected increase is 5% of 4 million which is 80,000. So the increase of 1 million implies that 900,000 unexplained ballots were counted in the 2020 Washington state general election.

There is a well known principle in statistics called “Regression to the Mean.” It means that the larger the sample size is, the more likely values will tend towards the average. Washington state has a huge number of voters. Thus, there should be very little variation in the trend lines. The fact that there have been huge variations in the trend lines of voter registrations and name changes in recent years is evidence that something is very wrong with our voter rolls.

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2004 to 2020 Washington Presidential Election Ballots
We can compare elections over time to see if there is a change in the trend line of the ballots to population ratio. The average of the previous 4 Presidential elections was 3 million votes plus or minus 100,000 votes. The 2020 election suddenly skyrocketed by a million ballots to an amazing 4 million votes. This dramatic change can not be explained by a population increase because Washington’s population growth rate has not changed much over this period (it has increased by about 100,000 per year):

2004 6.1 million
2008 6.5 million
2010 6.7 million Census confirmed
2012 6.9 million
2016 7.3 million
2020 7.7 million Census confirmed

But a closer look at the data reveals an even more ridiculous set of facts. Here is a summary of voter registration increases and Mail In Ballot increases compared to population increases in Washington state since 2016.

From 2016 to 2020, the Washington State population rose from about 7.3 million to about 7.7 million – an increase of about 400,000 or about 5%. According to the US 2020 Census, 21% of the Washington State population is under 18. Therefore the increase in the voting age population was .79 x 400,000 or 316,000.

During this same time, the number of registered voters rose from 4.27 million to 4.89 million – an increase of about 620,000 or 13%. In short, all 316,000 of the new voting age population who moved to Washington State between 2016 and 2020 registered to vote - PLUS an additional 303,000 people who already lived here registered to vote. In addition, 530,000 of the 620,000 or 85% of this increase occurred in a single year – 2020.

Even more remarkable, during this same time, the number of ballots counted rose from 3,363,440 in the 2016 General Election to 4,116,894 in the 2020 General Election – an increase of 753,454 ballots or 18.3%.

Even more remarkable, during this same time the number of ballots in the Presidential Race rose from 2,964,465 in 2016 to 3,954263 in 2020 – an increase of 989,798 ballots or 33%. Even if every new voting age person was registered to vote, an increase of 316,000 in new registered voters times an 80% turn out rate would lead to 0.8 x 316,000 or 253,000 additional ballots. Yet the actual increase in the 2020 Presidential race was 989,798 additional ballots. Thus, there appears to be 500,000 to 700,000 additional Mail In Ballots in 2020 - even after accounting for the increase in population – which is completely out of the trend line for any election in Washington state for the past 20 years.

This leads to an obvious question: How could the actual increase in the number of Presidential ballots in 2020 be more than six times the increase in state population? Where did the unexplained 500,000 to 700,000 additional ballots counted come from?

Recent Federal Election Reports also confirm highly unusual data for Washington State voter registrations

Every two years, the federal Election Assistance Commission (EAC) publishes reports on voter registrations in all 50 states as well as every county in all 50 states. To view these reports, go to this link and scroll down the page:

https://www.eac.gov/research-and-data/studies-and-reports

The EAC Report PDFs provide data on all 50 states. To see the county data, download the Excel Spreadsheets. We will begin with the 2024 report which can be downloaded directly at this link. At about page 200 of the 2024 EAC report, you will see the following Table 4 Voter List Maintenance — Confirmation Notices:

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Washington sent confirmation notices to 23% of active voters – similar to the national average of 19.5% of active voters. However, while the national valid response rate with Address Update (2.9%) and without Address Update (4.4%) totals 7.3%, the valid response rate in Washington is much less than 1%.

This fact confirms that Washington has a huge percent of voters with bad addresses on their voter rolls.

In the last column in the table above, it appears that Washington also has a low percent of invalid responses. However, this is only because Washington has the highest rate of Unreturned confirmation notices in the nation – a fact shown on the following table:

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While the national average for unreturned notices is 69.7%, the Washington rate is 98.3% - highest in the nation. This fact is evidence that Washington state has the least accurate voter roll addresses in the nation.

Despite having a huge percent of non-returned confirmation notices, Washington has a very low percent of voters removed from the rolls. The national average is 9.1% and the rate in Washington is only 6.5% - as is shown on the following table:

Table 5 of Voter List Maintenance – Removal Actions:

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The above table also confirms that while the national average rate for removals due to the voter moving is 30.8%, the rate in Washington for voter moving removals is only 9.8%.

Washington also has a very high percent of confirmation notices returned where the new voter asked to be removed from the voter rolls. While the national average voter request for removal is only 2.6%, in Washington state it is an amazing 20.2% - second highest in the nation – with only Oregon having a higher rate of 22.1% (Note that Oregon has Automatic Voter Registration like Washington and appears to have problems similar to Washington in terms of registering huge numbers of non-citizens.

In Washington state, in 2024, 73,581 people – all of whom were likely automatically registered to vote while getting a drivers license – but who were almost certainly non-citizens, returned their voter registration confirmation card requesting to be removed from the voter rolls – as is shown on the following table:

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The fact that Washington has such a huge rate of voter requests is clear evidence that Washington is registering non-citizens who do not want to be on the voter rolls. But keep in mind, 73,581 is only the ones who returned the confirmation cards. It is likely that there are also huge numbers of non-citizens who did not provide a valid address and therefore never got a confirmation card in the first place and are thus still on the Washington voter rolls..

Also, these problems were not limited to 2024. They are also present in the 2022 EAC report. For example, in the 2022 report, the unreturned confirmation notice rate nationally was 57.4% but in Washington was 98.1% (again highest in the nation). The voter request removals nationally were 4.5% - but 15.5% in Washington and 24.2% in Oregon. https://www.eac.gov/sites/default/files/2023-06/2022_EAVS_Report_508c.pdf

To see whether these problems are limited to certain counties in Washington state, we need to download the Excel Spreadsheet. To download the 2024 spreadsheet, go to this link:

https://www.eac.gov/research-and-data/studies-and-reports

Then click on 2024 plus sign and download the EAVS excel spreadsheet released on June 30, 2025. To understand the columns, you will also need to download the EAVS Data Codebook. To simplify matters, copy and paste only the Washington 39 counties into a new spreadsheet and then relabel the table columns to plain English using the Data Codebook. Then highlight King County and Pierce County. You will see that while King County had 78,080 DMV new registrations, King County also had a huge number of DMV Duplicate voter registrations - 56,377 to be exact. Pierce County DMV also has a problem with 25,978 Duplicate voter registrations.

King County removed 89,796 voters with only 6001 removed due to having moved. This is ridiculous. The national average is about 30% moved – so King County should have had about 30,000 moved – not just 6000. The actual rate in King County was only one fifth what it should have been.

Pierce County removed 45,851 voters with only 4704 having moved – this is also ridiculous but not as ridiculous as King County. Pierce County should have had about 15,000 moved not 4704. The actual rate in Pierce County was only one third of what it should have been.

King County Voter Request removals was 25,278 and Pierce County Voter Request removals was 7,666. These were both about ten times what they should have been.

While there are also significant problems with several other counties, the spreadsheet confirms that the biggest inaccuracies are in King County and to a lesser extent in Pierce County. This indicates that the primary source of the inaccurate voter roll problems in Washington state are the King County Department of Licensing and to a lesser extent, the Pierce County Department of Licensing.

US Census Data confirms we have a growing problem with non-citizen voters
One weakness of both the study provided by Glen Morgan and my statistical analysis is that neither study can be connected directly to non-citizens being registered. These unexplained voters could also be due to “ghost” voters or voters who do not actually exist but are inserted into the voter rolls by people interested in using these non-existent voters to artificially rig elections.

To correct for this problem, I published a study of non-citizens living here in Washington state according to the US Census Bureau. Here is a link to this report: https://washingtonfamilyrightscoalition.org/lessons-from-past-failed-initiatives/problems-with-the-washington-voter-id-initiative

Scroll down to Problem #8 to read this study. Here are quotes from this study: “According to the US Census, about 600,000 people living in Washington state are foreign born and not US citizens. Next, we need to estimate the percent of non-citizens registered to vote in our state. This unfortunately is going to be a very high figure since our Department of Licensing is registering voters automatically when they get a drivers license.”

A detailed study published in 2024 estimated that 10% to 27% of illegal aliens are registered to vote in the US. While others have criticized this study and claimed that the actual number is 1% to 10% of illegal aliens registering to vote, I have reviewed the 2024 study and concluded it was accurately done. Given how bad things are here in Washington, with the Washington Department of Licensing automatically registering non-residents, I estimate that 20% of non-residents are being registered to vote here in Washington. This would put the number of non-resident registered voters in our state at 120,000.”

However, it could be as high as 600,000 to one million, given that there are huge numbers of illegal aliens in our state not in the US Census data.

Understanding the Source or Cause of the problem
Glen Morgan correctly identified the cause of the problem as the Washington State Department of Licensing. Here is his cartoon about what happens there:

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Compare Glen’s cartoon to my cartoon about the Washington State Department of Licensing:

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Additional evidence of non-citizens registered to vote at the Washington Department of Licensing

Glen Morgan also stated during his YouTube report that he has spoken with foreign exchange students who have automatically been registered to vote in our state. Several comments displayed during his video confirmed that this problem is widespread in Washington state.

Jury rejection letters:

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On August 11, a viewer of We the Governed posted the following comment:

I had jury duty, when they announced that Non Citizens could not server on a jury, 30 people out of 100 had to leave. These pools are filled from the voter rolls.”

Another viewer posted the following comment: “I house foreign college students. My Chinese student has been gone almost 3 years and I just received a Jury duty summons for her in my mailbox. You have to be registered to vote to get Jury duty!”

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Another viewer named Rob Wastman posted the following comment:

We get a ballot every election for a Chinese National student who lived with us for awhile. They registered him when he got his Washington ID. Although this ballot is never used, how many of them are out there? Enough to sway an election?”

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There is an annual contest on social media in Washington state to see who can get the most ballots sent to them. The current record is a woman from Bellevue Washington who received 16 ballots addressed to her apartment number with different names on them.

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Automatic Voter Registration Law provides no penalty for registering Non-citizens
Section 203 (2) of the 2018 Washington Automatic Voter Registration law states in part: “a person who is ineligible to vote and becomes registered to vote under section 102 or 201 of this act, and subsequently votes or attempts to vote in an election held after the effective date of the person's registration, is not guilty of violating RCW 29A.84.130, and shall be deemed to have performed an authorized act…”

Thus, the Automatic Voter Registration Act clearly violates federal laws by allowing non-citizens to vote without any penalties.

Federal laws violated by Washington State
On June 6, 2025, the US Department of Justice filed a 14 page Amicus brief in the US District Court, District of Oregon, Eugene Division, in a similar case called Judicial Watch v Tobias Read (current Oregon Secretary of State). Because Oregon Automatic Voter Registration problems are similar to the Washington Automatic Voter Registration problems, we will review this Oregon complaint. The case was previously called Judicial Watch, Inc. et al v. Griffin-Valade (previous Oregon Secretary of State). Here is a link to the US Department of Justice June 6 2025 brief: https://www.justice.gov/opa/media/1402891/dl?inline

Here are quotes from this brief:

This case presents important questions regarding enforcement of the National Voter Registration Act, 52 U.S.C. §§ 20501-11 (the “NVRA”). Congress has vested the Attorney General with authority to enforce the NVRA on behalf of the United States. See 52 U.S.C. § 20510(a). Accordingly, the United States has a substantial interest in ensuring proper interpretation of the NVRA. The United States submits this Statement of Interest for the limited purpose of addressing the requirements under the NVRA for states to maintain and make available for public inspection certain records concerning the implementation of programs and activities conducted for the purpose of ensuring the accuracy and currency of official lists of eligible voters, id. § 20507(i). “

On October 23, 2024, Plaintiffs, Judicial Watch, Inc., the Constitution Party of Oregon, Suni Danforth, and Hannah Shipman (“Plaintiffs”), sued then-Secretary of State of Oregon, Lavonne Griffin-Valade… Tobias Read was sworn in as Oregon’s Secretary of State on January 6, 2025 and, as the current Oregon Secretary of State, takes the place of Secretary Griffin-Valade as a Defendant in this civil action.”

The complaint alleged that the Oregon Secretary of State and State of Oregon failed to comply with the state’s obligations under the NVRA: i) to “conduct a general program that makes a reasonable effort to remove the names of ineligible voters from the official lists of eligible voters by reason of” the death or a change in residence of registrants, under 52 U.S.C. § 20507(a)(4) (“Section 8(a)(4)”), and ii) to “maintain for at least 2 years” and “make available for public inspection . . . all records concerning the implementation of programs and activities conducted for the purpose of ensuring the accuracy and currency of official lists of eligible voters, . . . [,]” under id. § 20507(i) (“Section 8(i)”).”

On January 10, 2025, the Plaintiffs filed the First Amended Complaint (“FAC”), ECF No. 12, which is the subject of the pending motion to dismiss. The FAC alleges the same claims under Sections 8(a)(4) and 8(i) of the NVRA as the original complaint, with some additional and revised factual allegations.”

FAC first amended complaint

Section 8 of the NVRA, 52 U.S.C. § 20507, establishes requirements for the administration of voter registration for elections for federal office in covered states, including Oregon. Section 8(a)(4) requires each state to “conduct a general program that makes a reasonable effort to remove the names of ineligible voters from the official lists of eligible voters by reason of” the death of the registrant or “a change in the residence of the registrant, in accordance with subsections (b), (c), and (d)[.]” 52 U.S.C. § 20507(a)(4)(A)-(B). Subsections (b), (c), and (d) set forth procedures and requirements governing the removal of ineligible voters from official lists of voters as part of a state’s “program or activity to protect the integrity of the electoral process by ensuring the maintenance of an accurate and current voter registration roll for elections for Federal office[,]” id. § 20507(b). “

Section 8(i) of the NVRA specifically provides that: Each State shall maintain for at least 2 years and shall make available for public inspection and, where available, photocopying at a reasonable cost, all records concerning the implementation of programs and activities conducted for the purpose of ensuring the accuracy and currency of official lists of eligible voters, except to the extent that such records relate to a declination to register to vote or to the identity of a voter registration agency through which any particular voter is registered.” Id. § 20507(i)(1).

Section 8(i)(2) further specifies: The records maintained pursuant to paragraph (1) shall include lists of the names and addresses of all persons to whom notices described in subsection (d)(2) are sent, and information concerning whether or not each such person has responded to the notice as of the date that inspection of the records is made. Id. § 20507(i)(2).”

Section 10 requires each state to “designate a State officer or employee as the chief State election official to be responsible for coordination of State responsibilities” under the NVRA. Id. § 20509. States are responsible for Section 8(i)’s requirements for maintaining and making available records.”

By its plain terms, the NVRA identifies one entity, the state, that is required to carry out obligations for voter registration administration, id. §§ 20507, 20509, and, specifically under Section 8(i), to perform two actions: (1) “maintain” for at least two years records related to activities conducted to ensure the accuracy of eligible voter lists, and (2) “make available” those records to the public, id. § 20507(i)(1). “

To the extent Oregon state laws or practices delegate the state’s Section 8(i) responsibilities to subdivisions or local authorities, they are inconsistent with Congress’ enactment of specific state obligations under the Elections Clause.”

On August 8, 2025, the federal District Court issued a 23 page ruling which can be read at this link: https://cases.justia.com/federal/district-courts/oregon/ordce/6:2024cv01783/182713/34/0.pdf?ts=1754485064

Here are quotes from this ruling:

Plaintiffs bring this action alleging that the State of Oregon and its chief elections officer, the Secretary of State, failed to comply with two obligations under Section 8 of the National Voter Registration Act (“NVRA”). Pls.’ First Am. Compl., ECF No. 12 (“FAC”).2 Specifically, in Count I they claim that Oregon failed to conduct a general program to remove ineligible voters from voter registration rolls pursuant to § 8(a)(4), 52 U.S.C. § 20507(a)(4). In Count II they claim that Oregon failed to make available all records concerning the implementation of such a program pursuant to § 8(i), 52 U.S.C. § 20507(i).”

Congress enacted the National Voter Registration Act in 1993, articulating in its opening lines the following purpose:
(1) to establish procedures that will increase the number of eligible citizens who register to vote in elections for Federal office;
(2) to make it possible for Federal, State, and local governments to implement this chapter in a manner that enhances the participation of eligible citizens as voters in elections for Federal office;
(3) to protect the integrity of the electoral process; and
(4) to ensure that accurate and current voter registration rolls are maintained. 52 U.S.C. § 20501(b)(1)–(4).”

Section 8 of the NVRA establishes the requirements that states must follow in the administration of voter registration for federal elections. Generally, Section 8 prohibits states from removing registered voters from official voter lists unless the registrant requests it, state law compels it, or Section 8(a)(4) necessitates it. § 20507(a)(3). Under Section 8(a)(4), states are to “conduct a general program that makes a reasonable effort to remove . . . from the official lists of eligible voters” the names of voters who have become ineligible by reason of death or change in residence. § 20507(a)(4). “

Section 8(i) further directs each state’s official to “maintain for at least 2 years” and “make available for public inspection and, where available, photocopying at a reasonable cost, all records concerning the implementation of programs and activities conducted for the purpose of ensuring the accuracy and currency of official lists of eligible voters.” § 20507(i). Those records must “include lists of the names and addresses of all persons to whom [Confirmation Notices] are sent, and information concerning whether or not each such person has responded to the notice.” § 20507(i)(2).’

In the event a person “is aggrieved by a violation of” the NVRA, the Act provides a private right of action. § 20510(b). To exercise that right, the aggrieved person must first, in most circumstances, provide written notice of the violation to the chief election official of the state involved prior to commencing a lawsuit.”

In June 2023, the U.S. Election Assistance Commission (“EAC”) published is biennial report to Congress as required by law. 52 U.S.C. § 20508(a)(3); States are mandated by federal regulation to provide election data to the EAC for use in this report, which covers state voter registration practices. See 11 C.F.R. § 9428.7(b). Plaintiffs reviewed the EAC Report cataloging data for Oregon for the year 2022 and concluded the following: First, “the largest number of removals under the NVRA are usually made pursuant to Section 8(d)(1)(B), for failing to respond to a Confirmation Notice and failing to vote in two consecutive general federal elections.”

Second, Oregon’s self-reported data showed “that 19 counties removed zero voter registrations from November 2020 to November 2022 pursuant to Section 8(d)(1)(B). And only “10 other counties removed 11 or fewer voter registrations from November 2020 to November 2022 pursuant to Section 8(d)(1)(B).”

Plaintiffs contrasted these findings with data from the U.S. Census Bureau which found that 14.5% of Oregon residents moved addresses over a one-year period and approximately 289,132 residents left the state in 2022 and 2023. From this data, Plaintiffs concluded that “there is no possible way Oregon’s counties can be conducting a general program that makes a reasonable effort to cancel the registrations of voters who have become ineligible because of a change of residence while removing so few registrations under Section 8(d)(1)(B).”

Plaintiffs also “compared the total number of registrants, active and inactive, on Oregon’s voter rolls with the most recent five-year American Community Survey estimates from the Census Bureau of the citizen voting-age populations of Oregon’s counties. It “indicated that 35 of Oregon’s 36 counties had more voter registrations than citizens over the age of 18.”

Excluding inactive registrations, “the same study showed that 10 of Oregon’s 36 counties had more active registrations than citizens over the age of 18.” These high registration rates, according to Plaintiffs, evidence “a statewide failure to conduct a general program that makes a reasonable effort to cancel the registrations” of ineligible voters.”

Finally, Plaintiffs calculated Oregon’s percentage rate for inactive registrations and compared it to the national inactive registration rate of 11%. “Oregon’s inactive registration rate is about 20%. . . . Oregon’s median county inactive registration rate is about 18%, and its largest county, Multnomah, has an inactive registration rate of about 27%.” Oregon’s voter rolls also contain high counts of inactive registrations that show no voter activity for up to five consecutive general federal elections. Plaintiffs believe this too indicates a statewide failure to conduct a “program that makes a reasonable effort to cancel the registrations of voters who have become ineligible under the NVRA.”

On August 4, 2023, Judicial Watch wrote a letter to the Secretary regarding several NVRA-related subjects, including the Oregon’s low number of Section 8(d)(1)(B) removals. The letter also requested the production of seven categories of public records pursuant to Section 8(i) of the NVRA.”

Plaintiffs seek declaratory and injunctive relief, requesting an order that compels Defendants to develop and implement a program to remove ineligible registrants from voters rolls and that enjoins Defendants from refusing to allow Plaintiffs to inspect and copy records at a reasonable cost. Here, Plaintiffs allege that Defendants’ failure to comply with the NVRA’s voter list maintenance obligations has injured them in the following ways: increased concern that “the integrity of elections” is impaired by “the opportunity for ineligible voters to receive and cast ballots”; undermined “confidence in the integrity of the electoral process”; discouraged “participation in the democratic process”; and “fear that their legitimate votes will be nullified or diluted by unlawful ones.”

Plaintiffs allege that they are “concerned” that Oregon’s practices have impaired the integrity of Oregon’s elections by “increasing the opportunity for ineligible voters to receive and cast ballots….”

In King, the court likewise accepted an undermined confidence theory, explaining that “there can be no question that a plaintiff who alleges that his right to vote has been burdened by state action has standing to bring suit to redress that injury.” King, 993 F. Supp. 2d at 924; see also Green v. Bell, 2023 WL 2572210, *4 (W.D.N.C. 2023) (accepting both theories). For the reasons already explained, this Court does not find the reasoning of Griswold or King compelling… this Court is guided by the Ninth Circuit’s decisions. “

Unlike associational standing, organizational standing arises where an organization has standing to sue on its own behalf for injuries the organization has sustained… the Constitution Party “purchases and relies on Oregon’s voter rolls to identify in-state voters and to contact them and encourage them to assist the candidates it supports.” These voter-contact and election-related activities are core activities of the Constitution Party,” as they are “of any political party.” The Constitution Party’s ability to contact eligible voters is impeded “because Defendants’ failure to conduct list maintenance required by the NVRA causes Oregon’s voter rolls to have many more outdated and ineligible registrations—both on its active and inactive voter lists—than they otherwise would.”

As a result, the Constitution Party “wastes significant time, effort, and money trying to contact voters... who are listed on the rolls but who no longer live at the registered address or who are deceased…The voter rolls also allow the Constitution Party to keep track of its own members whose registrations have become inactive… If Constitution Party cannot monitor its members, it is plausible that it could lose its status as a minor party and no longer be entitled to limited liability or to nominate candidates.”

Here, the explicit purpose of the NVRA is to establish procedures that increase the number of eligible, registered citizens; to enhance the participation of eligible citizens in elections; and to protect the integrity of the electoral process and accuracy of voter rolls. § 20510(b)(1). Like the APA, Congress provided in the NVRA a private right of action broadly to any “person who is aggrieved by a violation of this chapter,” limited specifically by the plaintiff’s compliance with the NVRA’s notice requirements. § 20510(b).”

Plaintiffs failed to provide adequate notice before commencing a lawsuit on the public records claim… the NVRA’s private right of action imposes a mandatory notice requirement. To bring a civil action, the aggrieved party must first “provide written notice of the violation to the chief election official of the State involved.” § 20510(b)(1). Once the notice is received, a party must generally wait 90 days before filing suit in order to allow the official an opportunity to correct the identified violation. § 20510(b)(2)… “

Plaintiffs alleged that “widespread ongoing noncompliance” and “systemic violations . . . caused by flawed practices and policies insufficient oversight and inadequate enforcement” were occurring and would continue.”

The issue came down to a central premise on which the Ninth Circuit disagreed: that there was no reason to believe the violations identified in the field investigations were still occurring when plaintiffs sent their letter and filed their complaint. By the Ninth Circuit’s measure, it was “impossible” to read those allegations and conclude that there was no reasonable possibility that at least some of the violations were continuing as of the dates of the notice and complaint. The Ninth Circuit ultimately held that “[a] plaintiff can satisfy the NVRA’s notice provision by plausibly alleging that an ongoing, systematic violation is occurring at the time the notice is sent or, if no notice is sent, when the complaint is filed within 30 days of a federal election… Plaintiffs point solely to their FAC, which fails to allege an “ongoing, systematic” NVRA violation… the present matter is more aptly categorized as a discrete violation than an ongoing one.”

Notice is sufficient “when it (1) sets forth the reasons that a defendant purportedly failed to comply with the NVRA, and (2) clearly communicates that a person is asserting a violation of the NVRA and intends to commence litigation if the violation is not timely addressed.” Jud. Watch, Inc. v. Pennsylvania, 524 F. Supp. 3d 399, 409 (M.D. Pa. 2021) “

Other States being investigated by the US Department of Justice
Other States recently began to receive letters on the National Voter Registration Act (NVRA) and Help America Vote Act (HAVA) from the U.S. Department of Justice. Harmeet Dhillon, who leads the Civil Rights division at DOJ, said at a congressional hearing in July 2025 that the department is aggressively enforcing list maintenance requirements in federal law.

We are active, we are opening investigations, we are seeking information from states,” said Dhillon, adding that various states have received requests for information about their “list maintenance requirements and failure thereof, [and] their noncompliance with the [NVRA].”

On May 27, 2025, the DOJ sued North Carolina

On May 27, the U.S. Department of Justice filed a lawsuit against the new Board of Elections. The North Carolina lawsuit argues that some voter registrations, possibly hundreds of thousands, don’t comply with the Help America Vote Act of 2002. These registrations do not include the last four digits of an identifying number, such as a driver’s license or social security number. The DOJ wants the board to demand that these voters supply the information within 30 days. If they don’t provide the numbers in this time frame, their voter registrations could be canceled. The case is called United States of America v North Carolina State Board of Elections. Here is a link to the DOJ complaint:

https://www.democracydocket.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/1-2025-05-27-Complaint.pdf

Here are quotes from the complaint:

The Attorney General of the United States hereby files this action on behalf of the United States of America to enforce the requirements of Section 303(a) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (“HAVA”), with respect to the conduct of elections for Federal office in the State of North Carolina. 52 U.S.C. § 21083(a)… Defendants have failed to maintain accurate lists in North Carolina’s computerized statewide voter registration in violation of Section 303(a)(5) of HAVA.”

Under Section 303(a) of HAVA, a voter registration application for an election for federal office may not be accepted or processed by the State unless it includes a driver’s license number from the applicant, or if the applicant does not have a driver’s license, the last four digits of the applicant’s social security number. If an applicant has not been issued a current and valid driver’s license or social security number, the State must assign a special identifying number for voter registration. See 52 U.S.C. § 21083(a).”

Section 303(a)’s requirement that States utilize a unique identifying number to voters who indicate they have neither a driver’s license nor a social security number is an integral part of the minimum Federal standards. As the House Report explained, “It is likely that states will find it necessary to create a unique identifier to distinguish registered voters who happen to have the same name and/or birth date. The unique identifier so created will be used to assure that list maintenance functions are attributable to the correct voter; so as to avoid removing registrants who happen to have the same name and birth date as a felon, for example.”

In violation of HAVA’s mandate and clear Congressional intent, the State of North Carolina used a state voter registration form that did not explicitly require a voter to provide a driver’s license or the last four digits of a social security number.”

Upon information and belief there currently are a significant number of voters that do not have a driver’s license number, last four digits of a social security number, or any other identifying number, as required by Section 303 of HAVA, listed in North Carolina’s state voter registration file. Those violations will continue absent relief from this Court.”

Among the requirements of Section 303(a) of HAVA for the statewide voter registration list are the following:

(a) The list shall serve as the single system for storing and managing the official list of registered voters throughout the State, 52 U.S.C. § 21083(a)(1)(A)(i);

(b) The list must contain the name and registration information of, and must assign a unique identifier to, each legally registered voter in the State, 52 U.S.C. §§ 21083(a)(1)(A)(ii)-(iii).”

Proposed Remedy to the Washington State Inaccurate Voter Roll problem

The Washington government agency most directly involved in implementing the "Automatic Voter Registration" state law is the Washington State Department of Licensing. Governor Bob Ferguson appoints, with minimal legislative involvement or oversight, the Director and other senior management of the Department of Licensing. We have provided evidence from several sources that the Washington State Department of Licensing is registering huge numbers of non-citizens – in clear violation of federal election law – and also in violation of existing Washington state election laws.

The NVRA requires states to review their voter registration rolls periodically and to remove the records of individuals who no longer meet eligibility requirements. We have provide evidence from the federal Election Assistance Commission that Washington state likely has the least accurate voter rolls in the entire nation.

The US Department of Justice is required to enforce federal election laws. We therefore ask the US Department of Justice to open an investigation into Washington state “Automatic Voter Registration” practices and take whatever steps are needed to force Bob Ferguson and his Department of Licensing to comply with federal election laws and to take steps needed to clean up the voter rolls – especially in King and Pierce counties.

For more information, please contact me via email. Thank you for your assistance in this important matter.

Regards,

David Spring M. Ed.

Director, Washington Parents Network

This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

425-876-9149

6183 Evergreen Way

Ferndale, WA 98248

King Reykdal’s Crime Wave leads to new Federal Lawsuit

It is ironic that the “No King” protesters are overlooking our own King Reykdal here in Washington state. In the past few months, we have published articles (and filed three federal complaints totalling hundreds of pages) against Washington’s King Reykdal for his violating the Title IX civil rights of a half million girls, violating the Title VI civil rights of one million students and the FERPA civil rights of over one million parents. We have also written articles explaining how Reykdal has and still is violating Article 6, Section 2 of the US Constitution. In addition, we have explained that Reykdal has committed Contract Fraud by signing annual Federal Certification Contracts falsely claiming our state was in compliance with Title IX, Title VI and FERPA. Reykdal’s 8 year crime wave could cost Washington taxpayers billions of dollars in lost federal funding.

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The US Department of Justice recently announced that they will begin a massive investigation of all of Reykdal’s crimes. This investigation will almost certainly lead to a federal court case – a case in which the US Supreme Court has already ruled TWICE! (see background below). Reykdal is certain to lose. So one would think that Reykdal might want to at least pretend to comply with federal laws. But think again. On June 3, 2025, Darby Kaikkonen, a former high ranking OSPI Director and the current Tumwater School Board President, filed a complaint against King Reykdal in federal court to “redress violations of (her) constitutional rights under the First and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, as well as state law claims arising under Washington law.”

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In addition to violating her First amendment “Free Speech” rights and her Fourteenth amendment “Due Process” rights, Darby is suing for wrongful termination of her $137,000 a year job at OSPI and illegal retaliation by Reykdal who fired Darby in revenge for her vote at a February 2025 Tumwater School Board meeting.

Here is a link to Darby’s 10 page complaint against Reykdal:
https://washingtonparentsnetwork.com/phocadownload/2025%20June%20Tumwater%20Complaint%20against%20Reykdal.pdf

So what exactly did Darby do to incur the Wrath of Reykdal?
On February 27, 2025, Darby had the audacity to vote in favor of a school board resolution to honor the Title IX right of girls to fair sports opportunities. Before we get to the truly despicable actions Reykdal took against Darcy, we will briefly review some important events leading up to his truly insane behavior.

Background of Title IX and Girls Rights to Fair Sports Opportunities
Most young people do not know this but, a long time ago, girls did not have a right to fair sports opportunities. All of the money and all of the scholarships went to boys competing in boys sports. Girls were supposed to stay in the kitchen and make meals. Then, in the 1960’s, there was a Womens Rights Movement. This resulted in a law being passed in 1972 by Congress called Title IX which provided that girls must be given equal opportunities in all academic programs and athletic programs that received federal funds. In order to get federal funds, states had to sign annual Title IX Certification Contracts assuring the federal government that they were giving girls fair academic and athletic opportunities.

Things went fairly well and girls sports expanded without controversy for the next 47 years until about 2015 when a group of crazy people in the Obama Department of Education issued a scam letter claiming that Title IX was actually about defending the rights of boys pretending to be girls to enter girls bathrooms, locker rooms and play on girls sports teams.

For several years, Washington had a law on the books allowing boys who pretended to be girls to play on girls sports teams. But it was widely ignored until December 2016 when the Washington Civil Rights Commission came up with a new interpretation of a previous Washington state non-discrimination law to mean that boys here in Washington could now not only compete in girls sports but also go into girls bathrooms and locker rooms.

In January, 2017, Reykdal took office and immediately warned schools in Washington that, effective immediately, they needed to let boys in girls locker rooms, bathrooms and sports teams. In the next couple of years, Reykdal also changed the school curriculum in Washington state to promote Transgender Clubs in elementary schools. A ton of kids were soon sucked in by the propaganda that all they needed to do to change from being a boy to a girl was to change their names and pronouns.

In March 2024, Biden tried to take this crazy intepretation of Title IX nationwide with the Biden Title IX Final Rule. About 27 states sued and won a series of legal victories in federal courts all around the US. These victories culiminated in a US Supreme Court ruling in August 2024 in the case of Tennessee v Cardona (Cardona was Biden’s Education Czar). The US Supreme Court ruled that the word “sex” in Title IX meant biological sex and protected the rights of girls to their own bathrooms, locker rooms and sports leagues.

On January 9 2025, based on the US Supreme Court August 2024 decision, a federal judge issued a national order to all states and school boards to immediately comply with the plain meaning of Title IX. The judge specifically stated that allowing boys to compete in girls sports would “render Title IX to be meaningless.” Unfortunately, Reykdal refused to comply with this federal court order. Sadly, just a few weeks later, a girl was injured by being forced to play against a boy in a Tumwater High school basketball game. We described this incident in our February 28, 2025 Washington Parents Network Title IX complaint against Chris Reykdal.

Here is a brief summary taken from our Title IX compliant:

Girl injured by Biological Male in Girls Basketball Game
This incident started in 2024, when a 14 year old biological girl basketball player named Frances, attending Tumwater High School, was traumatized by seeing a large biological male who at the time was 17 years old in her Girls Locker Room. This was a male who has never taken any Trans drugs but is nevetheless allowed in the Girls Locker Room simply because that is where he prefers to be. The male was a player on an opposing team’s Girls Basketball team. When Frances told her parents about this incident, her parents assured her they would support her decision should she decide she did not want to play basketball against a biological male. Then, on February 6, 2025, the now 15 year old girl saw this same biological male now 18 years old during warmups for her teams final game of the year.

Frances told her mother she would not play against this boy. The girl’s mother asked her coach if he was aware that the opposing team had a biological male on the team. The coach replied that he was not allowed to comment about this. The coach said the mother needed to talk to the athletic director. The mother then went to the athletic director who was also at the game and asked if he was aware that the person on the other team was a boy. The athletic director replied that he “does not discriminate. We follow WIAA and Washington State law.”

The mother pointed out that just one day earlier, President Trump had signed an executive order protecting girls from having to compete against biological males. The athletic director replied that “We do not have to follow that order. We follow Washington State law.”

The mother then went back to her seat and asked her 13 year old son to video tape the game so she would have a record of what happened. A male school employee threatened her son who then stopped video taping the game. Frances remained on the bench and watched as one of her team mates was injured by the biological male and was carried off the court crying in pain (see pictures below).

This is a picture of a biological girl in a white jersey in a Tumwater High School Junior Varsity game being forced to play against a much larger and much taller biological male in a red jersey who is pretending to be a girl:

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The girl in white went around the boy in an attempt to drive the lane and shoot the ball.

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She drives past the boy who then basically tackles her like it was a football game. Note that the boy later said it was an accident and perhaps he lost his footing when he knocked the girl down:

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The girl fell to the ground and the biological male landed on top of her:

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The male was not injured but the girl remained motionless on the ground:

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The male got up. But the injured girl remained face down on the ground. The male briefly looked down at the injured girl and then walked away. The official, who was a biological female, failed to call a foul on this play – despite the fact that tackling another player is not allowed in a basketball game. The girl’s teammates helped the injured girl get up with the male calmly walking away - as two officials looked on and did nothing:

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None of the three officials called a foul or even called for an injury timeout. Note that the injured girl is clearly limping as she is being carried off the court by one of her teammates

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The injured girl is still being helped off the court and her teammates appear to be looking at the official in disguist as he holds the ball for the opposing team.

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The above images are a perfect example of why it is not safe to force girls to play against biological males. Here we have an example of a 15 year old girl being forced to play against an 18-year old biological male – a male who has never even taken Trans drugs. His shear size alone is why the girl was injured.

Even though Frances was on the bench, she got very upset at the male player injuring the female player, who was a friend of hers. From Frances’s point of view, the boy had used his large body mass to deliberately knock over her friend. After this incident, Frances looked at the biological male and said “You are a man.” Then after the game, she complained about this incident on her social media page. This is the post Frances made:

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Tumwater School Board Resolution
After the February 6, 2025 basketball game, several Tumwater parents got mad at how badly their girls had been abused by being forced to play against a biological male. The parents demanded that the school board pass a resolution in favor of protecting the Title IX right of girls to fair and safe sports opportunities.

On February 27, 2025, just three weeks after the Tumwater High School Girls basketball game, the Tumwater school board, including Darby Kaikkonen, voted 3 to 1 for a Resolution in support of amendments to the rules of the Washington Interscholastic Athletic Association (WIAA) to protect the right of girls to fair and safe sports opportunities. The amendments would have required athletes to compete based on their biological sex, not their gender identity. Here are quotes from the Tumwater School Board Resolution:

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Darby explained her vote by saying she was a former competitive swimmer and thought it was important to protect girls sports. She said the issue “pits one historically marginalized group against another” : I see myself in this issue, and most importantly, I see girls who are currently living it and the complexity of what they’re trying to work through. This is an impossible situation. These girls are faced with the same challenges that we all are, and that they can’t possibly stand up for themselves and share their voice and what they think is right without being accused of bigotry… You want to know why the voice for girls is quiet, and why so few people speak publicly about it?… It is fear.”

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Here is a quote from Darby’s federal complaint:

Kaikkonen maintains that she supported the amendments to ensure fair athletic opportunities for all students and to address concerns regarding equity and safety for female athletes. As a duly elected official, she believes she had an obligation to represent her constituents, and the freedom to do so under the First Amendment.”

On February 28, 2025, the Washington Parents Network filed a 99 page Title IX Civil Rights complaint against Chris Reykdal and Bob Ferguson for violating the Title IX rights of a half million girls here in Washington state over the past 8 years. Here is a link to our Title IX complaint:

https://washingtonparentsnetwork.com/news/washington-parents-network-title-ix-complaint

Reykdal’s office faces a federal probe of its own into its clash with a Clark County school district over the district’s gender inclusion policy. Kaikkonen’s work focused on reporting data for compliance with federal education policy, according to her lawsuit.

On March 4, 2025, Reykdal issued a threatening letter to the Tumwater School Board claiming that the proposed amendment violated state law (but failed to mention that the state law violated an important federal civil rights law called Title IX and was therefore null and void). Below is the threatening letter to the Tumwater School Board:

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On March 6, 2025, less than ten days after the vote and two days after the threatening letter, Darby was placed on administrative leave by OSPI. No reason, policy, conduct, or performance issue was identified as a basis for being being put on leave. She was prohibited from coming onto OSPI' s Old Capital Building grounds, or contacting any OSPI employee. Less than two weeks later, in a March 19 call from the office’s chief of staff, Tennille Jeffries-Simmons, she was fired. Again, no explanation was given.

As a result of her termination, Darby lost an annual salary of $137,000, including valuable health and retirement benefits. She has experienced reputational damage, anxiety, humiliation, and disruption to her family life.

Darby’s term on the Tumwater school board ends this year. She didn’t file to run for re-election. Meanwhile, King Reykdal posted the following inflamatory image on one of his social media pages:

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If you agree that it is time to get replace Reykdal and Ferguson with folks more willing to honor the US Constitution, then please come to our next Washington Parents Network online meeting which will be Sunday, June 15th from 4 to 5 pm where we will review our plan to restoring Family Rights here in Washington state. For the link, send an email to This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

We look forward to meeting you.

Regards,

David Spring M. Ed.

Director, Washington Parents Network

Featured

Washington Parents Network Title VI Complaint Press Release

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

Washington Parents Network files Title VI Complaint against Washington Superintendent Chris Reykdal

FERNDALE, WASHINGTON – Today, April 18, 2025, the Washington Parents Network filed a 64 page Title VI Complaint against Washington Superintendent, Chris Reykdal to end DEI and Critical Race Theory (more accurately known as Racial Shaming) Instruction in Washington state public schools. The complaint was filed with the US Department of Education Office of Civil Rights. Our complaint seeks to enforce an important federal law, called Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which was passed 61 years ago, to end discrimination based on race or skin color in programs that receive federal funding. Our complaint details numerous violations of Title VI that have occurred and continue to occur in Washington state public schools on a daily basis.

Washington Parents Network Title VI Complaint

US DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION OFFICE FOR CIVIL RIGHTS

TITLE VI ADMINISTRATIVE COMPLAINT

April 18 2025

From: David Spring M. Ed. Director, Washington Parents Network

To: US Department of Education Office for Civil Rights
Lyndon Baines Johnson Department of Education Building
400 Maryland Avenue, SW Washington, DC 20202-1100

RE: Washington State Superintendent of Public Instruction violations of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VI) and the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment to the US Constitution

Submitted Via Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

To Whom It May Concern:

This is a Title VI Civil Rights Discrimination complaint filed under the U.S. Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights’ (OCR) Complaint Resolution Process. The Washington Parents Network brings this complaint against Washington State Superintendent of Public Instruction in his official capacity in charge of the Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction (OSPI) for requiring all 295 school districts in Washington state to discriminate against over one million students on the basis of race, color or national origin in programs or activities that receive Federal financial assistance in violation of both Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VI), 42 U.S.C. § 2000d et seq., and the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment to the US Constitution.

The Washington Parents Network makes this complaint on behalf of over 2,700 of our members who have students in school districts in Washington state and/or are teachers and/or are school board members in these school districts.

All of the school districts in Washington state receive federal funding and therefore must comply with Title VI and the Equal Protection Clause. However, as we review in detail below, recent Washington state laws as well as OSPI policies and Teacher Training procedures encourage and/or require school districts to violate Title VI of the Civil Rights Act and the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment to the US Constitution.

Our complaint includes this 4 page cover letter and a 64 page summary of Title VI volations, divided into 10 sections, outlining how the Title VI rights of our members and their children and students were violated by policies advanced directly or indirectly by Chris Reykdal, who we contend has been violating the plain meaning of Title VI ever since he took office 8 years ago.

In this complaint, we provide 30 examples of violations of Title VI that have been inflicted on our children, parents, teachers and school board members during the past 8 years. These examples are evidence that all of our members and all of their children – and all of the children in Washington state - have been harmed by Reykdal’s failure to comply with Title VI.

Legal Basis for our Title VI Complaint
On July 9, 1868, the Fourteen Amendment to the US Constitution was ratified clarifying that no state can make any law that deprives citizens of their civil rights based on their race, skin color or country of national origin.

On July 2, 1964 Congress passed the Civil Rights Act clarifying that no program that recieves federal funding can discriminate against any person based on their race, skin color or country of national origin – and that federal funding is contrigent on programs agreeing to comply with these civil rights.

On June 23, 2003, in the case of Grutter v Bollinger, the US Supreme Court ruled that Michigan could include race as a factor in admissions. However, Justice O’Conner stated that such racial preferences policies would eventually need to end. Here is her quote” “The Court expects that 25 years from now, the use of racial preferences will no longer be necessary to further the interest approved today.”

On June 29, 2023, the US Supreme Court published a 237 page landmark decision in the case of Students for Fair Admission v Harvard which clarified that Title VI and the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment requires “color blindness” in all federal, state and local programs. The Supreme Court concluded that Title VI prohibits any programs or activities that included “racial preferencing” or dividing people up based on skin color.

Racial preference educational programs have many names including but not limited to Critical Race Theory, Ethnic Studies – and most recently – Diversity, Equity and Inclusion or DEI.

What matters is not the name of the program but whether the program divides people up based on the color of their skin. Any educational program that divides people up based on the color of their skin is a violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

On January 20, 2025, based on the 2023 Supreme Court ruling in Students for Fair Admission v Harvard, President Trump issued a Presidental Order “Ending Radical and Wasteful Government DEI Programs and Preferences.”

On January 21, 2025, again citing Students for Fair Admission v Harvard, President Trump issued a Presidential Order “Ending Illegal Discrimination and Restoring Merit Based Opportunities.“

On February 14, 2025, based on these Presidential Orders, which were based on Students for Fair Admission v Harvard, the US Department of Education Office of Civil Rights (OCR) issued a Dear Colleague Letter requiring all state and local education agencies to comply with Title VI and the Equal Protection Clause.

On March 1, 2025, the Office for Civil Rights (OCR) released a Frequently Asked Questions  10 page document providing further guidance on OCR’s February 14, 2025, “Dear Colleague” letter. Here are quotes from the March 1, 2025 OCR FAQ:

In Students v. Harvard, the Supreme Court reiterated that “discrimination that violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment committed by an institution that accepts federal funds also constitutes a violation of Title VI.”

Many schools have advanced racially discriminatory policies and practices under the banner of “DEI” initiatives… Schools may not operate policies or programs under any name that intentionally treat students differently based on race, engage in racial stereotyping, or create hostile environments for students of particular races.”

The First Amendment rights of students, faculty, and staff, and the curricular prerogatives of states and local school agencies do not relieve schools of their Title VI obligations to refrain from creating hostile environments through race-based policies and stereotypes.”

On April 3, 2025, the OCR sent letters to State Commissioners overseeing K-12 State Education Agencies requiring them to certify their compliance with their antidiscrimination obligations under Students v Harvard in order to continue receiving federal financial assistance.

On April 8, 2025, Washington superintendent, Chris Reykdal, issued a press release refusing to comply with the OCR Certification letter. Reykdal falsely claimed that Students v Harvard only applied to “college admissions policies.“ Reykdal further falsely claimed that Washington educational programs already “met the requirements under Title VI.”

In our complaint, we explain why Students v Harvard applies to all programs that receive federal funding. We also provide 30 examples of why Reykdal’s DEI programs willfully and pervasively violate the Title VI rights of students, parents and school board members.

We ask OCR to conduct a Directed Investigation of Washington state illegal DEI programs and to withhold federal funds until Reykdal agrees to permanently end these DEI programs.

We further ask that the OCR seek retroactive reimbursement of federal funds based on Reykdal’s willful and pervasive violations of Title VI by his past 4 years of false claims of being in compliance with Title VI. We further ask for Triple Damages based on Washington State’s Breach of Contract with the US Department of Education. Given that Washington state has received more than $10 billion in federal education funds during the past 4 years, we believe that the total damages could exceed $30 billion dollars. However, the purpose of such a huge penalty is not to punish Washington tax payers. Instead, it is to force Washington state leaders to stop violating the Title VI Civil Rights of students, parents and teachers.

Finally, we ask for 4 years of remedial Civil RIghts Teacher Training programs to correct for the the past 4 years of racially charged and illegal Teacher Training programs.

Sincerely,

David Spring M. Ed.
Director, Washington State Parents Network
6183 Evergreen Way, Ferndale WA 98248
(425) 876-9149
This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

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I Why Washington DEI programs violate Title VI

Washington State Superintendent Chris Reykdal refuses to comply with the US Constitution

On April 8, 2025, Washington superintendent, Chris Reykdal, issued a press release stating he will not comply with the US Department of Education Office of Civil Rights (OCR) letter enforcing the Civil Rights Act of 1964 which requires equal treatment of all Americans regardless of skin color. The OCR letter is also enforcing a US Supreme Court ruling clarifying the 14th Amendment of the US Constitution. So what Reykdal is really saying is that he will not comply with the US Constitution!

This comes on the heels of Reykdal’s refusal to comply with the the OCR February 2025 letter enforcing another important federal civil rights law called Title IXwhich requires fair treatment of biological girls in academic and sports programs. This is the same Chris Reykdal who, in June 2924, refused to comply with an important Washington state civil rights law called the Parents Rights Initiative – which requires keeping parents informed about what is happening to their kids while their kids are in school. Reykdal falsely claimed that the “Parents Rights Initiative was illegal” – a claim that a King County judge ruled was not true in January 2025. In February, 2025, Reykdal falsely claimed that Washington state civil rights laws (which requires allowing males to participate in girls sports) override the federal Title IX law (which prohibits allowing males to participate in girls sports). Previously, I wrote an article explaining why Washington laws do not override Title IX (an article you can read at this link). In this article, we will review why Washington laws do not override the Civil Rights Act of 1964 or the 14th Amendment of the US Constitution.

Why Reykdal’s Legal Theory is Crazy
Here is a quote from Reykdal’s April 8, 2025 press release: “Last Thursday, the U.S. Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights asked states to certify their compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 as well as the Department’s interpretation of the decision in Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard College (“SFFA v. Harvard”). This is the latest attack against the rights of states to have civil rights frameworks that exceed the federal minimum standards.”

In plain English, Reykdal is falsely claiming that Washington State civil rights laws - which require special treatment of some people based on their skin color - have priority over federal civil rights laws (as well as the US Constitution) that prohibit special treatment based on skin color.

Reykdal bases his claim on his crazy legal theory that states can have civil rights laws that exceed federal minimum standards.” There are at least three reasons why Reykdal’s legal theory is crazy.

First, Reykdal’s claim that Washington civil rights laws “exceed federal minimum standards” is false and misleading (and an abuse of the English language). Instead of exceeding federal minimum standards, what Washington civil rights laws really do is directly contradict federal civil rights laws. Imagine that the Washington legislature passed a state civil rights law allowing slavery and that there was a federal civil rights law, such as the 14th Amendment to the US Constitution, prohibiting slavery. According to Reykdal’s crazy legal theory, the state civil rights law would have priority over the federal civil rights law because the state civil rights law allowing slavery “exceeds the federal minimum standards”!

Second, Reykdal’s crazy legal theory is contrary to Article VI, Section II of the US Constitution which clearly states that federal laws have priority over state laws when the state laws directly contradict federal laws. States do have the right to pass their own laws. But state laws are not allowed to directly contradict federal laws.

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When a state law conflicts with federal law, the U.S. Supreme Court can void the state law. The US Supreme Court has stated that state laws will be found to violate the Supremacy Clause if compliance with both federal and state laws is impossible or if the state law defeats the purpose of a federal law. Thus, state laws that are contrary to Title IX are null and void. Also state laws that are contrary to the Civil Rights Act of 1964 are null and void.

Third, the Washington state civil rights laws requiring schools to discriminate on the basis of skin color are not merely contrary to the US Department of Educationinterpretation” of the US Supreme Court decision in Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard College (“SFFA v. Harvard”). They are blatant violations of the US Supreme Court decision in Students for Fair Admissions v Harvard. We will take a closer look at SFFA v Harvard in a moment. First, we need to review the background and problems of the Washington state civil rights laws that Reykdal falsely claims “exceeds the federal minimum standards.”

Why Washington State DEI Laws violate the Civil Rights Act of 1964
In the past few years, the Washington legislature has passed some radical civil rights laws which claim to promote “Diversity, Equity and Inclusion” aka DEI. These laws attempt to legalize teaching radical theories like “Critical Race Theory” in our public schools. Critical Race Theory aka CRT teaches children as young as age 5 that all white people are racist “oppressors” while non-white people are “oppressed.” The cure for this oppression is for white people to publicly admit their racism and for society to make reparations for past and current racism.

02

Proponents of Critical Race Theory have claimed that virtually everything historically taught in our schools from reading to math has hidden racist components that need to be weeded out in the name of racial justice. But far from promoting diversity, equity or inclusion, CRT divides students into groups and discriminates against students based purely on their skin color. This is why CRT and DIE violates the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

While CRT proponents claim CRT and DIE are needed to promote racial justice, many parents object to CRT claiming that it is indoctrination that harms children’s self esteem. They call CRT “Critical Racist Theory.”

03

The US Supreme Court ruling in Students for Fair Admissions v Harvard is not merely about College Admissions Racial Quotas
In his April 8, 2024 press release, Reykdal falsely claimed that “the SFFA v. Harvard case was specific to the use of race-conscious college admissions policies.”

Clearly Reykdal has not read the Supreme Court ruling. Anyone who has actually read the Supreme Court opinion in SFFA v Harvard would immediately understand that it is about a lot more than Harvard’s racial quotas which required admitting a certain number of non-white students. Here is a direct link to the US Supreme Court decision which was published on June 29, 2023. https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/22pdf/20-1199_hgdj.pdf

The first thing you will notice when you click on this link is that the decision is 237 pages long. The second thing you will notice is that the decision was a 6 to 3 decision with Chief Justice Roberts writing the majority opinion. While I have read the entire 237 pages, you can get a pretty good idea of what Justice Roberts is saying by reading the first 20 pages. He goes into great detail about the history and meaning of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. He concludes that this important federal civil rights law requires complete “color blindness” and that all Americans must be treated equally regardless of their skin color.

Justice Roberts also found that the 14th Amendment to the US Constitution also requires complete “color blindness” and that all Americans must be treated equally regardless of their skin color. To me, he seems to be saying that the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is merely a clarification of the 14th Amendment and that this color blindness was always the intention of the 14th Amendment (which was passed just after the Civil War).

But regardless of whether you agree with Justice Roberts interpretation of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 or not, or whether you agree with his interpretation of the 14th Amendment or not, or whether you love or hate the US Supreme Court, this 2023 US Supreme Court ruling is the “law of the land.” Many legal commentators have called this ruling the most important US Supreme Court Civil Rights decision since Brown versus Board of Education way back in 1954.

So when Reykdal says he does not have to comply with the US Department of Education OCR letter, what he is really saying is that he does not have to comply with the 2023 US Supreme Court ruling. Somehow is Reykdal’s magical world, Washington state civil rights laws that directly contradict the 2023 US Supreme Court ruling have priority over the US Supreme Court ruling.

What the US Civil Rights Laws actually say
Before we quote Justice Roberts interpretation of the US Civil rights laws, let’s begin by reading the actual words of the two civil rights laws in question. The Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment of the US Constitution, ratified in 1868, states:

No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.”

Note that the 14th Amendment does not even mention the words “race” or “skin color”. Instead, it states that all citizens in the US are to be treated equally and that there are no exceptions.

Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 states: “No person in the United States shall, on the ground of race, color or national origin, be excluded from participation in, denied the benefit of, or be subjected to discrimination in any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.”

Comparing these two important federal civil rights laws, on page 129 of his concurring opinion, Justice Gorsuch states:

Consider just some of the obvious differences. The Equal Protection Clause operates on States. It does not purport to regulate the conduct of private parties. By contrast, Title VI applies to recipients of federal funds—covering not just many state actors, but many private actors too. In this way, Title VI reaches entities and organizations that the Equal Protection Clause does not.”

In other respects, however, the relative scope of the two provisions is inverted. The Equal Protection Clause addresses all manner of distinctions between persons… By contrast, Title VI targets only certain classifications—those based on race, color, or national origin. Under Title VI, it is always unlawful to discriminate among persons even in part because of race, color, or national origin.”

Yet Justice Roberts sees the end result of the 1964 Civil Rights Act as being the same as the 14th Amendment, namely that all citizens in the US are to be treated equally and that there are no exceptions.

Quotes from Justice Roberts Majority Opinion
Here are a few quotes from Justice Roberts very long majority opinion so you can see for yourself that Justice Roberts is really calling for “color-blindness” to be the law of the land:

ROBERTS , C. J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which THOMAS, ALITO, GORSUCH, KAVANAUGH, and BARRETT, joined.

(In Brown versus Board of Education, the US Supreme Court stated:)

The mere act of separating children . . . because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority.”

The conclusion reached by the Brown Court was thus unmistakably clear: the right to a public education “must be made available to all on equal terms.” As the plaintiffs had argued, “no State has any authority under the equal-protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to use race as a factor in affording educational opportunities among its citizens.”

Eliminating racial discrimination means eliminating all of it. And the Equal Protection Clause, we have accordingly held, applies “without regard to any differences of race, of color, or of nationality.”

For the guarantee of equal protection cannot mean one thing when applied to one individual and something else when applied to a person of another color… If both are not accorded the same protection, then it is not equal.”

The race-based admissions systems that respondents employ fail to comply with the twin commands of the Equal Protection Clause that race may never be used as a “negative” and that it may not operate as a stereotype.”

One of the principal reasons race is treated as a forbidden classification is that it demeans the dignity and worth of a person to be judged by ancestry instead of by his or her own merit and essential qualities.”

Quotes from Concurring Opinions
Beginning on Page 49, JUSTICE THOMAS, concurred added the following comments: “In the wake of the Civil War, the country focused its attention on restoring the Union and establishing the legal status of newly freed slaves. The Constitution was amended to abolish slavery and proclaim that all persons born in the United States are citizens, entitled to the privileges or immunities of citizenship and the equal protection of the laws. Because of that second founding, “our Constitution is color-blind.”

The Constitution continues to embody a simple truth: Two discriminatory wrongs cannot make a right.”

The Fourteenth Amendment—ensures racial equality with no textual reference to race whatsoever. The history of these measures’ enactment renders their motivating principle as clear as their text: All citizens of the United States, regardless of skin color, are equal before the law.”

Any statute which is not equal to all, and which deprives any citizen of civil rights which are secured to other citizens,” is “an unjust encroachment upon his liberty” and a “badge of servitude” prohibited by the Constitution. “

The Fourteenth Amendment was understood to make the law “what justice is represented to be, blind” to the “color of one’s skin.”

The Amendment employed a wholly race-neutral text, extending privileges or immunities to all “citizens”… Put succinctly, our Constitution is color-blind.”

The duty of the law-maker is to know no race, no color, no religion, no nationality, except to prevent distinctions on any of these grounds, so far as the law is concerned.”

The Court thus made clear that the Fourteenth Amendment’s equality guarantee applied to members of all races, including Asian Americans, ensuring all citizens equal treatment under law.”

Despite the extensive evidence favoring the colorblind view, as detailed above, it appears increasingly in vogue to embrace an “antisubordination” view of the Fourteenth Amendment: that the Amendment forbids only laws that hurt, but not help, blacks. Such a theory lacks any basis in the original meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment. “

The plain text of Title VI reinforces the colorblind view of the Fourteenth Amendment… all racial stereotypes harm and demean individuals. “

In an effort to salvage their patently unconstitutional programs, the universities and their amici pivot to argue that the Fourteenth Amendment permits the use of race to benefit only certain racial groups—rather than applicants writ large. Yet, this is just the latest disguise for discrimination. The sudden narrative shift is not surprising, as it has long been apparent that “ ‘diversity was merely the current rationale of convenience’ ” to support racially discriminatory admissions programs. “

Purchased at the price of immeasurable human suffering,” the Fourteenth Amendment recognizes that classifications based on race lead to ruinous consequences for individuals and the Nation.”

Both experience and logic have vindicated the Constitution’s colorblind rule.”

Respondents and the dissents argue that the universities’ race-conscious admissions programs ought to be permitted because they accomplish positive social goals. I would have thought that history had by now taught a “greater humility” when attempting to “distinguish good from harmful uses of racial criteria… In fact, slave-holders once “argued that slavery was a ‘positive good’ that civilized blacks and elevated them in every dimension of life,” and “segregationists similarly asserted that segregation was not only benign, but good for black students.”

Even taking the desire to help on its face, what initially seems like aid may in reality be a burden, including for the very people it seeks to assist… Those students who receive a large admissions preference are more likely to drop out of STEM fields than similarly situated students who did not receive such a preference.”

To start, these programs are overinclusive, providing the same admissions bump to a wealthy black applicant given every advantage in life as to a black applicant from a poor family with seemingly insurmountable barriers to overcome. In doing so, the programs may wind up helping the most well-off members of minority races without meaningfully assisting those who struggle with real hardship.”

Finally, it is not even theoretically possible to “help” a certain racial group without causing harm to members of other racial groups. “It should be obvious that every racial classification helps, in a narrow sense, some races and hurts others.”

Whatever their skin color, today’s youth simply are not responsible for instituting the segregation of the 20th century, and they do not shoulder the moral debts of their ancestors. Our Nation should not punish today’s youth for the sins of the past.”

It has become clear that sorting by race does not stop at the admissions office. In his Grutter opinion, Justice Scalia criticized universities for “talking of multiculturalism and racial diversity,” but supporting “tribalism and racial segregation on their campuses,” including through “minority only student organizations, separate minority housing opportunities, separate minority student centers, even separate minority-only graduation ceremonies.”

Meanwhile, these discriminatory policies risk creating new prejudices and allowing old ones to fester. I previously observed that “there can be no doubt” that discriminatory affirmative action policies “injure white and Asian applicants who are denied admission because of their race.”

What, then, would be the endpoint of these affirmative action policies? Not racial harmony, integration, or equality under the law. Rather, these policies appear to be leading to a world in which everyone is defined by their skin color, demanding ever-increasing entitlements and preferences. Not only is that exactly the kind of factionalism that the Constitution was meant to safeguard against, but it is a factionalism based on ever-shifting sands.”

In fact, all racial categories are little more than stereotypes, suggesting that immutable characteristics somehow conclusively determine a person’s ideology, beliefs, and abilities. Of course, that is false.”

Rather than forming a more pluralistic society, these policies thus strip us of our individuality and undermine the very diversity of thought that universities purport to seek.”

The solution to our Nation’s racial problems thus cannot come from policies grounded in affirmative action or some other conception of equity. Racialism simply cannot be undone by different or more racialism. Instead, the solution announced in the second founding is incorporated in our Constitution: that we are all equal, and should be treated equally before the law without regard to our race. Only that promise can allow us to look past our differing skin colors and identities and see each other for what we truly are: individuals with unique thoughts, perspectives, and goals, but with equal dignity and equal rights under the law.”

If an applicant has less financial means (because of generational inheritance or otherwise), then surely a university may take that into account. If an applicant has medical struggles or a family member with medical concerns, a university may consider that too. What it cannot do is use the applicant’s skin color as a heuristic, assuming that because the applicant checks the box for “black” he therefore conforms to the university’s monolithic and reductionist view of an abstract, average black person.”

This vision of meeting social racism with government-imposed racism is thus self-defeating, resulting in a never-ending cycle of victimization. There is no reason to continue down that path. In the wake of the Civil War, the Framers of the Fourteenth Amendment charted a way out: a colorblind Constitution that requires the government to, at long last, put aside its citizens’ skin color and focus on their individual achievements.”

Page 107 Justice Gorsuch opinion concurring and added the following comments: For some time, both universities have decided which applicants to admit or reject based in part on race. Today, the Court holds that the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment does not tolerate this practice. I write to emphasize that Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 does not either.”

We can safely say that Title VI forbids a recipient of federal funds from intentionally treating one person worse than another similarly situated person on the ground of race, color, or national origin.”

While Harvard professes interest in socioeconomic diversity, for example, SFFA points to trial testimony that there are “23 times as many rich kids on campus as poor kids. Harvard could nearly replicate the current racial composition of its student body without resorting to race-based practices if it: (1) provided socioeconomically disadvantaged applicants just half of the tip it gives recruited athletes; and (2) eliminated tips for the children of donors, alumni, and faculty.”

By any measure, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 stands as a landmark on this journey and one of the Nation’s great triumphs. We have no right to make a blank sheet of any of its provisions. And when we look to the clear and powerful command Congress set forth in that law, these cases all but resolve themselves. Under Title VI, it is never permissible “ ‘to say “yes” to one person . . . but to say “no” to another person’ ” even in part “ ‘because of the color of his skin.’ ”

Summary of the Harvard Supreme Court opinion
Once again Chris Rekdal is wrong about an important civil rights law and an important federal court ruling. The dissenting opinions of Justices Sotomayor, Kagan and Jackson begin on page 140 and continue to page 237. They advocate for continuing a racial quote system that assumes that all white people are oppressors and all black people are victims. In other words, they advocate for critical race theory and DEI quotas to “level the playing field.” In other words, the advocate for the same agenda as Chris Reykdal. But they are clearly in the minority on the US Supreme Court.

While I am not a legal scholar, and I often do not agree with the majority on the US Supreme Court, in this case, I think the majority are right. But it is important to note that, under our current system of law, it does not matter what I think or what Chris Reykdal thinks. All that matters is what the 6 to 3 majority on the US Supreme Court think. Clearly, they think that both the 14th amendment and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 require that all people in the US be treated with “color-blindness” and that this “color-blindness” must be applied not only in college admissions but in our public schools and in many other aspects of life.

Quotes from the US Department of Education Office of Civil Rights Dear Colleague Letter

Now that we know what the US Supreme Court said in Students for Fair Admissions v Harvard, let’s see if the 4 page February 14, 2025 Dear Colleague letter from the Office of Civil Rights describes the decision accurately. Here is a link to this Dear Colleague letter: https://www.ed.gov/media/document/dear-colleague-letter-sffa-v-harvard-109506.pdf

Here are quotes from this letter: “Discrimination on the basis of race, color, or national origin is illegal and morally reprehensible. Accordingly, I write to clarify and reaffirm the nondiscrimination obligations of schools and other entities that receive federal financial assistance from the United States Department of Education (Department). This letter explains and reiterates existing legal requirements under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964,2 the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution, and other relevant authorities.”

In recent years, American educational institutions have discriminated against students on the basis of race, including white and Asian students, many of whom come from disadvantaged backgrounds and low-income families. These institutions’ embrace of pervasive and repugnant race-based preferences and other forms of racial discrimination have emanated throughout every facet of academia. “

Educational institutions have toxically indoctrinated students with the false premise that the United States is built upon “systemic and structural racism” and advanced discriminatory policies and practices. Proponents of these discriminatory practices have attempted to further justify them—particularly during the last four years—under the banner of “diversity, equity, and inclusion” (“DEI”), smuggling racial stereotypes and explicit race-consciousness into everyday training, programming, and discipline. But under any banner, discrimination on the basis of race, color, or national origin is, has been, and will continue to be illegal.”

The Supreme Court’s 2023 decision in Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard (SFFA), which clarified that the use of racial preferences in college admissions is unlawful, sets forth a framework for evaluating the use of race by state actors and entities covered by Title VI. “

As the Court explained in SFFA, “an individual’s race may never be used against him” and “may not operate as a stereotype” in governmental decision-making.”

Federal law thus prohibits covered entities from using race in decisions pertaining to admissions, hiring, promotion, compensation, financial aid, scholarships, prizes, administrative support, discipline, housing, graduation ceremonies, and all other aspects of student, academic, and campus life. Put simply, educational institutions may neither separate or segregate students based on race, nor distribute benefits or burdens based on race.”

Other programs discriminate in less direct, but equally insidious, ways. DEI programs, for example, frequently preference certain racial groups and teach students that certain racial groups bear unique moral burdens that others do not. Such programs stigmatize students who belong to particular racial groups based on crude racial stereotypes. Consequently, they deny students the ability to participate fully in the life of a school.”

The Department will no longer tolerate the overt and covert racial discrimination that has become widespread in this Nation’s educational institutions. The law is clear: treating students differently on the basis of race to achieve nebulous goals such as diversity, racial balancing, social justice, or equity is illegal under controlling Supreme Court precedent.”

Institutions that fail to comply with federal civil rights law may, consistent with applicable law, face potential loss of federal funding.”

Comparing the Dear Colleague Letter to the April 8, 2025 Reykdal Letter

I think the Office of Civil Rights Dear Colleague letter accurately summarizes the Supreme Court decision. About all they could have added to make it clearer is the part about how educational programs are supposed to be “color-blind” and not even bring up the skin color stuff. But here is what Reykdal said about the Dear Colleague Letter and the Supreme Court ruling in his April 8, 2025 letter:

The Department does not have the legal authority to break protocol in this manner. Recognition of our diversity is a cornerstone of public education. It makes us stronger, more civil, and it empowers groups of students who have historically been marginalized or denied equal opportunities.”

Washington will not suppress its core values or cede our right to determine our own education system to the federal government… In response to the Department’s request, I sent a letter affirming that Washington has already provided our assurances and met the requirements under Title VI. We will not sign additional certifications that lack authority, lack clarity, or are an assault on the autonomy of states and local school districts by misapplying a higher education admissions case.”

In fact, Washington can not possibly meet the “requirements under Title VI” because Washington requires schools to teach race and DEI curriculum where white students are oppressors and all black students are victims.

Instead, what Reykdal is really saying is that he intends to ignore the US Supreme Court ruling and ignore the Presidential Order based on that ruling and ignore the Office of Civil Rights Letter enforcing that ruling by continuing with his DEI and Critical Race Theory indoctrination of students where even 5 year old white students are automatically the oppressors and black students are automatically the victims. But how does it empower white children to be told that they are racist oppressors? How does it empower black children to be told they are victims?

Other recent federal court decisions that also ruled against Racial Preference Programs
The US Supreme Court has not been the only court to find racial preference programs to be unconstitutional. In 2021, the Biden American Rescue Plan alloted $29 billion for grants to small restaurant owners. During the first 21 days, the Biden administration only gave grants only to restaurants at least 51% owned by women, veterans, or the “socially and economically disadvantaged” owners including: “Black Americans,” “Hispanic Americans,” “Asian Pacific Americans,” “Native Americans,” and “Asian Americans.” The funds ran out before white male owners were even able to apply. Vitolo (white) and his wife (Hispanic) owned a restaurant and submitted an application which was denied despite his timely application. Vitolo sued, seeking an injunction to prohibit the government from disbursing grants based on race or sex. The Sixth Circuit ordered the government to fund his application, before all later-filed applications, without regard to the applicants’ race or sex. See Vitolo v. Guzman (6th Cir. 2021)

Another Biden relief program forgave 120 percent of federal loans to farmers and ranchers, but only if they qualified as racial minorities. The beneficiaries did not even have to be currently in arrears in their United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) loans. These loan preferences were struck down by four federal district courts all over the county. See Wynn v. Vilsack, (Fla. 2021); Faust v. Vilsack, (Wisc. 2021); Miller v. Vilsack, (Tex. 2021); and Holman v. Vilsack, (Tenn. 2021).

In 2024, the Southeastern Legal Foundation and the Mountain States Legal Foundation represented Texas farmers challenging a USDA program of allocating enhanced disaster relief to “socially disadvantaged farmers,” defined to encompass farmers who are “(1) American Indians or Alaskan Natives; (2) Asians or Asian-Americans; (3) blacks or African-Americans; (4) Hispanics or Hispanic-Americans; (5) Native Hawaiians or other Pacific Islanders; and (6) women.” On 7, June 2024, a federal court granted an injunction against this racial preference program. See Strickland v. Vilsack, (N.D. Tex. June 7, 2024) Citing SFFA v Harvard and other Equal Protection Clause cases, such as Vitolo, the court found that USDA’s race- and sex-based policy was not supported by a compelling interest. Here is a link to this 22 page decision.

https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.txnd.388105/gov.uscourts.txnd.388105.26.0_1.pdf

Here are quotes from this decision:

lt is a sordid business, this divying us up by race, and consistent Supreme Court precedent bears little tolerance for the practice. The way to stop discrimination on the basis of race is to stop discriminating on the basis of race. (See Students for Fair Admissions v Harvard, 2023). “

Eliminating racial discrimination means eliminating all of it. That is because, as applied to the individual, distinctions between citizens solely because of their ancestry are by their very nature odious to a free people whose institutions are founded upon the doctrine of equality.”

Washington State Housing Program violates the US Constitution
On October 29, 2024, the Foundation Against Intolerance & Racism (FAIR) challenged a Washington State Housing Finance Commission program that provides zero-interest secondary mortgage loans to first-time home buyers. See Foundation Against Intolerance and Racism (FAIR) v. Walker, No. 2-24-cv-01770 (W.D. Wash. filed Oct. 29, 2024). Here is a link to their 8 page complaint: https://pacificlegal.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/FAIR-Complaint-stamped.pdf

The State-sponsored housing program benefits are only available to “an applicant whose parent, grandparent, or great-grandparent is black, Hispanic, Native American/Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, Korean or Asian Indian.” FAIR’s complaint notes that the housing program uses race as a “negative” and a “stereotype,” both of which violate the US Constitution. Here are quotes from this complaint:

The Covenant Homeownership Program (Program) provides zero-interest secondary mortgage loans to first-time homebuyers. The state will give eligible first-time homebuyers downpayment and closing cost assistance in the form of a zero-interest secondary mortgage loan. But this opportunity to own a home isn’t available to all. The Commission restricts eligibility to the Program on the basis of race… The Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause requires the government to treat its citizens as individuals—not as members of a racial group. By providing benefits expressly on the basis of race, the Program’s eligibility criteria violate the Constitution.”

The FAIR complaint was filed in the 9th Circuit in Seattle and is being heard by John H. Chun. In December 2013, Chun was appointed by Governor Jay Inslee to serve as a Judge of the King County Superior Court. In 2018, Governor Inslee appointed Chun to serve as a Judge on the Washington State Court of Appeals. On September 30, 2021, President Joe Biden nominated Chun to serve as a judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington.

Prior to Chun’s appointment, the Western District of Washington Seattle federal court had several vacant seats which Trump was blocked from filling by Washington Senator Patty Murray. When Biden became President in 2021, he filled these Seattle federal court seats with politically biased judges like Chun.

During his confirmation hearing, Chun was questioned about his stance on Grutter v. Bollinger. This was a 2003 Race Based College Admissions case that preceded and was overtrned by Students for Fair Admissions v Harvard. Chun had submitted an amicus brief supporting the ability of universities to have race-based admissions processes. Here is a link to Chun’s 18 page brief in favor of racial discrimination:

https://www.findlawimages.com/efile/supreme/briefs/02-241/02-241.mer.ami.kcba.pdf

In his brief, Chun claimed that Initiative 200 which banned Racial Preferences and was passed by the voters of Washington in 1998, reduced the ability of the University of Washington Law School and the King County Bar Association to become “more diverse.” The King County Bar Association offered scholarships to minority students which were not available to white students.

In his brief, Chun stated: “a diverse student body contributing to a ‘robust exchange of ideas’ is a constitutionally permissible goal on which a race-conscious university admissions program may be predicated.”

In short, Chun sounds exactly like Chris Reykdal where “racial diversity” is more important than the “equality” required by the US Constitution. Both fail to realize that dividing people up based on the color of their skin is not only unconstitutional, it is toxic to the goal of empowering all children. It is based on the false assumption that all white people think the same and all black people think the same (what the US Supreme Court refers to as racial stereotyping). Skin color based discrimination is also toxic to our legal processes as the case of FAIR v Walker illustrates.

Despite the 2023 US Supreme Court Harvard ruling banning skin color based discrimination of any kind, in response to the FAIR complaint, Walker claimed that FAIR did not have a right to bring the complaint and filed for summary judgement. On January 24, 2025, FAIR filed a 23 page response to the motion for summary judgement which you can read at this link:

https://pacificlegal.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Foundation-Against-Intolerance-Racism-v.-Steve-Walker_PLF-Opposition-to-MTD_1.24.25.pdf

Here is a quote from their response complaint.

When sued for injunctive relief, a state official in his or her official capacity is a person under Section 1983, Will v. Michigan Dep’t of State Police, 491 U.S. 58, 71 n.10 (1989), and an official-capacity suit pleads an action against an entity of which the state official is an agent, Kentucky v. Graham, 473 U.S. 159, 165 (1985). FAIR sufficiently identifies the Commission’s Covenant Homeownership Program as the policy that violates the Equal Protection Clause, and Mr. Walker can enjoin it as someone who oversees the Commission’s programs.”

Here is a link to all of the legal proceedings of this case:

https://www.pacermonitor.com/public/case/55642058/Foundation_Against_Intolerance_and_Racism_Inc_v_Walker

On January 23, 2025, Judge Chun stated: “The Court acknowledges the requirements of FRCP 16(b), but finds good cause to defer entry of a case scheduling order pending its ruling on Defendant's Motion to Dismiss.”

Put in plain English, Chun does not see the need for a case schedule as he intends to dismiss the case.

Despite the fact that the program is clearly contrary to the US Constitution and to the 2023 US Supreme Court Harvard ruling, the only option left for FAIR will be to spend thousands of dollars to take the case to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals where they will likely take a year or more to bury the case. The Ninth Circuit like the Seattle Court has been extremely politized by Patty Murray and others in the Senate. So FAIR is likely to lose there too. But then they can take the case to the US Supreme Court where they will almost certainly prevail. But it may take two or more years before the US Supreme Court even hears the case. In the meantime, this clearly illegal race-based housing program will continue here in Washington state.

In the meantime, there is currently a bill being voted on in the Washington State Senate (House Bill 1696) that will explain the Covenant Homeownership Program to people with perferred skin colors to get home tax-payer funded home loans – even if their annual income is over $112,000. Here is a link to this bill:

https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary/?billNumber=1696&year=2025&initiative=False

The bill will likely be passed by the Washington Senate in the next few days and then signed into law by Ferguson and go into effect on July 1, 2025 – despite the fact that it is clearly against the US Constitution. So much for the “rule of law.”

Seattle Times agrees with Reykdal that Skin Color based Discrimination is Legal
On April 10, 2025, the Seattle Times published an article commending Reykdal for standing up to Donald Trump. Entitled “Washington Schools Superintendent resists Trump DEI order”, the article did not specifically name the 2023 US Supreme Court decision that the Trump DEI order was based on. Nor did it quote a single sentence in the Supreme Court ruling. Instead, the article repeated Reykdal’s false claim that the case “only banned affirmative action in college admissions.” Here is a quote from the only paragraph in the article about the 2023 Supreme Court decision:

Federal officials cite a 2023 Supreme Court decision banning race-based affirmative action in college admissions to argue that DEI programs violate federal civil rights law, which prohibits discrimination based on race. While the case did not address K-12 schools, the Trump administration argues that it is illegal to consider race in schools in any way, including programs that provide extra academic support for students of color.”

The above paragraph could not be more misleading. Our article provides 5 pages worth of quotes from the 237 page decision in Students for Fair Admissions v Harvard confirming that the Supreme Court banned all race-based programs – not merely race-based college admissions.

The second sentence in the Seattle Times paragraph is just as bad. DEI programs and Critical Race Theory curriculum are in no way “Extra academic support for students of color.” In fact, they are not academic at all. Instead, they are harmful propaganda intended to demean white students while turning all black students into powerless victims.

The Seattle Times spends most of the article attempting to justify Reykdal’s claim that “states have the authority to adopt their own learning standards, curriculum, and instructional materials.”

This claim is only partially true. States cannot adopt racially charged learning standards, curriculum and instructional materials that violate the US Constitution by making claims that white skinned students are oppressors and black skinned students are victims. Nor can states adopt curriculum requiring allowing boys in girls private spaces and boys in girls sports as that is clearly contrary to Title IX. Imagine a state after the Civil War adopting a curriculum promoting slavery. Would that be legal?

The Seattle Times apparently thinks it would. And they found a “legal expert” named Derek Black to agree with them. In 2024, Derek wrote an article on his blog promoting Presidential candidate Kamala Harris. Regarding the Trump Executive Order, Derek claimed that “Under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, the federal government is explicitly prohibited from dictating or requiring curriculum to states or school districts”.

Derek is only partially correct. While the federal government can not dictate any specific curriculum, it has always reserved the right to prohibit curriculum that violate federal civil rights laws. Here is a quote from a January 2025 article about this subject:

these prohibitions would not allow for the creation of a hostile learning environment in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972, or Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (the civil rights laws prohibiting discrimination based on race, color, national origin, sex, or disability)… The existence of a hostile environment based on race, color, national origin, or disability that is created, encouraged, accepted, tolerated, or left uncorrected by a school can constitute discrimination in violation of these statutes...The Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights (OCR), which enforces these civil rights statutes in schools, could find a violation of civil rights law in its enforcement work if: (1) a hostile environment based on race, color, national origin, sex, or disability existed; (2) the school had actual or constructive notice (in other words, the school knew or should have known) of the hostile environment; and (3) the school failed to take prompt and effective steps reasonably calculated to (i) end the harassment, (ii) eliminate any hostile environment and its effects, and (iii) prevent the harassment from recurring. From “Resource: Resolving a Hostile Environment Under Title VI: Discrimination Based on Race, Color, or National Origin, Including Shared Ancestry or Ethnic Characteristics.” US Department of Education Office for Civil Rights. January 2025.” See https://www.ed.gov/media/document/resolving-hostile-environment-under-title-vi

The fact that DEI and CRT are creating a hostile learning environment is exactly what the US Supreme Court and the Trump administration are trying to stop.

Derek also claimed that the 1943 Supreme Court case West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette establishes that the First Amendment prohibits state and federal authorities from dictating what shall be established in schools. Here is a link to this case: https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/319/624/

What the Supreme Court held was that the state of West Virginia could not require local school districts to force students to say the Pledge of Allegiance as this would violate the students First Amendment rights to Freedom of Speech. This case actually supports the Trump Order and the 2023 US Supreme Court ruling because it ruled that a State law to compel student speech was against the federal rights of the students and was therefore unconstitutional. This is exactly what the Trump order does – it enforces a federal law protecting students civil rights.

A More Constitutional Way to Achieve Diversity
As the US Supreme Court has pointed out, there are ways to achieve diversity without basing educational or other state or federal programs on race. The most obvious example is to direct funds or support to low income families. For years, the US Department of Agriculture has funding free school lunch programs for low income students who can not afford to pay for their lunch. It is well know that if a kid is given a meal, they are more likely to learn. Note that the program is offered to all American children regardless of their skin color.

School curriculum and teacher training can also include discussions on how to lift all students out of poverty – regardless of the student’s skin color. It is a well known fact that student test scores on standardized tests are directly related to their family income. This is likely because parents of students from high income families are better able to pay for books and for tutors. In addition, students living in better quality higher income school districts perform better than students from high poverty school districts. In fact, it has been shown that higher income leads to higher test scores for black college bound students as it does for white college bound students. For example, increasing family annual income from $30,000 to $90,000 for black students leads to a math SAT score increase of 461-419 = 42 points for black students and a increase of 539 to 502 = 37 points for white students. There is still a difference of 539 – 461 = 78 points between the two groups. But these difference are due to a huge variety of factors such as the income level of the parents to the quality of the school and experience of the teachers in the school as well as many other community factors. Here is a quote from the study conclusions:

The differential effect for high school achievement, along with the differential and large poverty effect, in part, suggests an effect of schooling where Black test-takers, especially those living in poverty, are likely attending poorer quality schools.”

https://www.cs.jhu.edu/~misha/DIReadingSeminar/Papers/DixonRoman13.pdf

A 2019 study by Stanford University found that School poverty – not racial composition – limits educational opportunity. “ Here is a quote:

It is not the racial composition of the schools that matters. What matters is when black or Hispanic students are concentrated in high-poverty schools in a district.”

https://cepa.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/wp17-12-v201803.pdf

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In addition, it has been shown that children in single parent households do not score as high as children from two-parent households. The bottom line is that skin color is not a significant determinate of outcome when the cumulative effect of environmental factors are considered.

There are many ways to close the Opportunity Gap without violating the Equal Protection clause of the US Constitution. For example, schools can also offer smaller class sizes to all students as small class sizes have been shown to increase graduation rates of low income students. If we want low income kids to do better in school, other options include that the school can provide low income kids with books or tutors or computers and Internet access. It should be up to each local school board to decide how to handle the problem of low income kids. But the point is that we can achieve more diversity by basing help on income level rather than on skin color.

If we want to do something about the housing crisis, we can help low income parents with the down payment. It is revolting for tax payer dollars to go to relatively wealthy minority applicants while much lower income white-skinned applicants are left out in the cold simply because they have the wrong color of skin.

Alternately, we can prioritize offering interest-free loans to low income folks with small children. It is well known that children living in stable homes do much better in school than children who are homeless. Again, I am not advocating for any given policy. I am simply pointing out that there are ways to achieve social improvement goals without discriminating against people based on the color of their skin.

What is likely to happen as a result of Reykdal’s ongoing violations of federal civil rights laws and the US Constitution?
Numerous groups, including the Washington Parents Network, have filed Title IX complaints against Chris Reykdal and his accomplices. It is likely that in the next few months, the US Title IX Taskforce is likely to come to Washington state and rule that Reykdal is violating Title IX. They may also rule that Reykdal is violating Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act and also violating the Fourteenth Amendment of the US Constitution. All of these violations can lead to withholding federal educational funding in the amount of hundreds of millions to two billion dollars per year.

Based on his past statements, Reykdal is likely to ignore federal orders to comply. The case will then be transferred to the Department of Justice who will then file a complaint against Reykdal in federal court. This is the same Seattle centered Ninth Circuit federal court dominated by Biden appointees. The case will likely take several months and likely lead to a ruling in favor of Reykdal. It may take several more months to be confirmed by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. But then it will go to the US Supreme Court which will almost certainly agree that Reykdal is violating the US Constitution as well as Title VI and Title IX.

The US Supreme Court will rule that the Trump administration can withhold federal funding from Washington state. At that point, it is likely that Reykdal will finally agree with comply with the US Constitution and federal law as to do otherwise would not only cost Washington state students billions of dollars in federal educational funding but would also be a clear violation of his Oath of Office. The good news is that some day, the insanity and harm inflicted on our kids by Chris Reykdal will end and the yolk of DEI and CRT and boys in girls bathrooms and boys in girls sports will also end.

As always, I look forward to your questions and comments.

Regards,

David Spring M. Ed.

Washington Parents Network

Seattle Office of Civil Rights Ignores Title IX Federal Court Order

Title IX is a 53 year old federal civil rights law intended to protect the rights of biological girls to fair treatment in academic and athletic programs that receive federal funding. On January 9, 2025, a federal court order was issued in the case of Tennessee v Cardona requiring all educational agencies in the US that receive federal funds – including every school district in Washington State - to immediately comply with the original meaning of Title IX. https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/attorneygeneral/documents/pr/2025/2025-1-title-ix.pdf

Citing the Tennessee V Cardona federal court order, on February 4, 2025, the US Department of Education Office of Civil Rights (OCR) issued a “Dear Colleague” letter notifying all K-12 schools in the United States that they needed to immediately comply with the original meaning of Title IX. https://www.ed.gov/media/document/title-ix-enforcement-directive-dcl-109477.pdf

In addition, based on the Tennessee v Cardona court order, on February 5, 2025, President Trump signed an Executive Order which states: “Under Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972 (Title IX), educational institutions receiving Federal funds cannot deny women an equal opportunity to participate in sports… Therefore, it is the policy of the United States to rescind all funds from educational programs that deprive women and girls of fair athletic opportunities.” https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/02/keeping-men-out-of-womens-sports/

But instead of complying with Title IX as required by federal law, a federal court order, a Dear Colleague Letter and a Presidential Order, Chris Reykdal has so far refused to comply with Title IX – falsely claiming that Washington state civil rights Policy 3211 has priority over federal civil rights laws such as Title IX. https://ospi.k12.wa.us/about-ospi/news-center/news-releases/state-superintendent-chris-reykdals-statement-president-trumps-order-discriminate-against-trans

In fact, any State law that directly contradict federal laws is null and void under Article VI Section II of the US Constitution.

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Since Policy 3211 requires allowing biological males to enter girls bathrooms and girls lockers rooms and participate in girls sports while Title IX prohibits allowing biological males from entering girls bathrooms or girls locker rooms or participating in girls sports, Policy 3211 is null and void.

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Washington Parents Network Title IX Complaint Press Release

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

Washington Parents Network files Title IX Complaint against Washington Superintendent, Chris Reykdal and Washington Governor, Bob Ferguson

FERNDALE, WASHINGTON – Today, February 28, 2025, the Washington Parents Network filed a 99 page Title IX Complaint against Washington Superintendent, Chris Reykdal and Washington Governor, Bob Ferguson to restore fairness in girls sports. The complaint was filed with the US Department of Education Office of Civil Rights. Our complaint seeks to enforce an important federal law, called Title IX, which was passed 53 years ago, to end discrimination against girls and women in educational and athletic programs that receive federal funding. Our complaint details numerous violations of Title IX that have occurred and continue to occur in Washington state on a daily basis.

Washington Parents Network Title IX Complaint

February 28, 2025

From: David Spring, Director, Washington Parents Network

To: U.S. Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights
Lyndon Baines Johnson Department of Education Bldg.
400 Maryland Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20202-1100

RE: Title IX Complaint against Washington Superintendent, Chris Reykdal and Washington Governor, Bob Ferguson

Sent via email

To Whom It May Concern:

This is a Title IX Civil Rights complaint filed under the U.S. Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights (“OCR”) Complaint Resolution Process against Washington State Superintendent, Chris Reykdal, Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, (OSPI), 600 Washington St SE, Olympia, WA 98504 and Washington State Governor, Bob Ferguson, Office of the Governor, PO Box 40002, Olympia, WA 98504-0002.

The Washington Parents Network is an association of over 2,600 parents in Washington state. We are dedicated to protecting the rights of parents and their children. Our complaint includes this 4 page cover letter, a 74 page summary of their volations – divided into 15 sections – and Declarations from 11 of our members outlining how their rights and the rights of their children and students under Title IX were violated by policies advanced directly or indirectly by Chris Reykdal and Bob Ferguson, who we contend have been violating the plain meaning of Title IX for more than 8 years.

To be clear, in this complaint, we have only summarized a few of the worst violations of Title IX that have been inflicted on our children, parents, teachers and school board members during the past 8 years. We contend that all of our members and all of their children – and in fact, all of the children in Washington state - have been harmed by Reykdal and Ferguson’s failure to comply with Title IX. As we explain below, even the recent Title IX complaint, filed on February 17, 2025 against the Tumwater School District, should more properly be directed against Chris Reykdal and Bob Ferguson, since the school district was forced to comply with Washington State Policy 3211 – under the threat by Chris Reykdal that the school district would lose state funding if they failed to comply.

While Reykdal’s threats to withhold funding from school district was contrary to Article IX, Sections 1 and 2 of the Washington State Constitution, his threats were allowed to be made - and subsequent forced violations of Title IX - were allowed to be made by then Attorney General and now Governor Bob Ferguson. Thus, the two of them have acted in concert to commit thousands of ongoing violations of Title IX.